1. Antivirus

The antiviral effect of elderberry and its fruit extracts is the most concerned pharmacological effect. Studies by Zaay-Hones et al. suggest that elderberry fruit extract can reduce hemagglutination and inhibit the replication of influenza virus A.B in vitro. Barak et al. reported that the elderberry fruit extract can inhibit 10 influenza viruses in vitro, and in a double-blind clinical trial, the level of influenza virus antibodies in the serum of the patients taking the extract was significantly higher than that of the control group.

2. Regulation of immunity

Elderberry extracts show immunomodulatory effects in healthy people, virus-infected patients, or patients with immunosuppressive symptoms. It can promote the production of cytokines to activate phagocytic cells, so that phagocytic cells can easily reach the inflammatory tissue. Studies with mononuclear cells derived from the blood of healthy subjects have shown that various elderberry extracts have a significant promoting effect on the increase of cytokines.

3. Antioxidant

The anthocyanins contained in elderberry fruit have significant antioxidant effects. The study found that low mass concentration (4 mg/mL) of anthocyanins can effectively promote the regeneration of vitamin E in a copper-mediated low-density lipoprotein oxidation model. Milbury et al reported that the antioxidant capacity of anthocyanins extracted from elderberry is better than that of vitamins C and E. Another study reported that anthocyanins can prevent the oxidation of vascular epithelial cells and prevent vascular lesions caused thereby.

4. Lower blood lipids

The elderberry fruit is sun-dried and cold-pressed to obtain elderberry fruit oil, which is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, which can accelerate the excretion of cholesterol, reduce the absorption, transport and synthesis of cholesterol, and finally effectively reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood. Lipid effect. Elderberry oil 4 g/kg gavage for 2 weeks in rats can significantly reduce total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and arteriosclerosis index (AI) in normal rats , has obvious hypolipidemic and anti-arteriosclerosis effects. Elderberry oil can dose-relatedly prolong the survival time of hypoxic mice, suggesting that it can improve myocardial ischemia and the imbalance of oxygen supply and demand. Can have a certain effect, may have a role in anti-aging.

5. Anti-tumor

Gavage of 2 000 mg/kg elderberry oil in mice can inhibit the growth of S180 solid tumor-bearing mice and H22 hepatoma solid tumors, and has a stronger effect on increasing the life extension rate of H22 ascites-type hepatoma mice than cyclophosphamide , indicating that elderberry oil has a certain anticancer effect.